Flashes in the Sky The Origins of Meteors

Have you ever watched a meteor shower? They happen very frequently when Earths orbit takes it through the debris left behind by a comet or asteroid orbits the Sun. For example, Comet Tempel-Tuttle is the parent of the November Leonid shower. Meteor showers are made up of meteoroids, tiny bits of material that vaporize in our atmosphere and leave behind a glowing trail. Most meteoroids do not fall to Earth, although a few do. A meteor is a glowing trail left behind as the debris streaks through the atmosphere. When they hit the ground, meteoroids become meteorites. Millions of these solar system bits slam into our atmosphere (or fall to Earth) each day, which tells us that our area of space isnt exactly pristine. Meteor showers are especially concentrated meteoroid falls. These so-called shooting stars are actually a remnant of our solar systems history. Where Do Meteors Come From? Earth orbits through a surprisingly messy set of trails each year. The bits of space rock that occupy those trails are shed by comets and asteroids and can remain for quite a long time before they encounter Earth. The composition of meteoroids varies depending on their parent body, but are commonly made of nickel and iron. A meteoroid doesnt typically just fall off of an asteroid; it has to be liberated by a collision. When asteroids slam into each other, little bits and pieces settle back onto the surfaces of the larger chunks, which then assume some kind of orbit around the Sun. That material then gets shed as the chunk moves through space, possibly through interaction with the solar wind, and forms a trail. Material from a comet is usually made up of bits of ice, specks of dust, or sand-sized grains, which are blown off the comet by the action of the solar wind. These tiny specks, too, form a rocky, dusty trail. The Stardust mission studied Comet Wild 2 and found crystalline silicate rock bits that had escaped the comet and eventually made it into Earths atmosphere. Everything in the solar system began in a primordial cloud of gas, dust, and ice. The bits of bits of rock, dust, and ice that stream from asteroids and comets and end up as meteoroids mostly date back to the very formation of the solar system. The ices clustered onto the grains and eventually accumulated to form the nuclei of comets. The rocky grains in asteroids clustered together to form larger and larger bodies. The biggest ones became the planets. The rest of the debris, some of which remains in orbit in the near-Earth environment, gathered into whats now known as the Asteroid Belt. The primordial cometary bodies eventually gathered in the outer regions of the solar system, in areas called the Kuiper Belt and the outermost region called the Ãâ€"ort Cloud. Periodically, these objects escape into orbits around the Sun. As they get closer, they shed material, forming meteoroid trails. What You See When a Meteoroid Flares When a meteoroid enters Earths atmosphere, it gets heated by friction with the gases that make up our blanket of air. These gases are generally moving pretty fast, so they appear to burn up high in the atmosphere, 75 to 100 kilometers up. Any surviving pieces could fall to the ground, but most of these little bits of solar system history are too small for that. Larger pieces make longer and brighter trails called bolides. Most of the time, meteors look like white flashes of light. Occasionally you can see colors flaring in them. Those colors indicate something about the chemistry of the region in the atmosphere it flies through and the material contained in the debris. Orange-ish light indicates atmospheric sodium being heated. Yellow is from  superheated iron particles likely from the meteoroid itself. A red flash comes from the heating of nitrogen and oxygen in the atmosphere, while blue-green and violet come from magnesium and calcium in the debris. Can We Hear Meteors? Some observers report hearing noises as a meteoroid moves across the sky. Sometimes its a quiet hissing or swishing sound. Astronomers are still not completely sure why the hissing noises happen. Other times, theres a very obvious sonic boom, particularly with the larger bits of space debris. The folks who witnessed the Chelyabinsk meteor over Russia experienced a sonic boom and shock waves as the parent body burst apart over the ground. Meteors are fun to watch for in the nighttime skies, whether they simply flare overhead or end up with meteorites on the ground. As you watch them, remember that youre literally seeing bits of solar system history vaporize before your eyes!

Thoughts on THE GIFT Essay - 983 Words

The short story The Gift has many layers with in itself on different topics. nbsp;The topics of discrimination, feminism, friendship, tradition, and power all can be seen in this story. Many literary devices can be seen in the story also. nbsp;Such as: theme, metaphor, tone and symbol. This story unlike most as that I couldnt predict what was going to happen that made the girls leave the school. nbsp;Just as it says in the beginning paragraph quot;No one expected Merceditas C#225;ceres, on the day Carlotta Rodriguez was expelled from the Sacred Heart, to hang her silk sash from the doorknob, drop her medal of the Congregation of the Angels in the alms box, and walk out through the schools portico arm in arm with her friend, head†¦show more content†¦nbsp;She tells her about the way the hills look and the town works, and every little detail and this brings such pleasure to Merceditas. nbsp;Since Merceditas did not go out into the town she had no friends and Carlotta was perfe ct for her. nbsp;Unlike Carlotta, Merceditas has an important family name and easily gets into Scared Heart. nbsp; I felt that feminism was evident in The Gift rather strongly. nbsp;One paragraph about the head nun, Mother Artigas, showed how much of a feminist the author most likely was. nbsp;quot;She had had an extensive education and had acquired more than one doctoral degree at foreign universities. She believed that women had an undeniable right to knowledge, having been unjustly barred from it by men for centuries, and the only obstacle that for a while had made her hesitate on her decision to enter the convent had been the clergys traditional feminization of ignorance. She herself had at one time wanted to become a writer and had played with the idea of challenging the social and literary conventions of her world that condemned women to silence or, what was worse, to euphemistic, romantic verses, chock full of ruby bleeding hearts, cooing love affairs, and lace-flounced babies, but that hadnt the slightest notion of history, politics, or science. She had by now renounced her fantasy of a l iterary life, but had stuck to her guns in certain aspects ofShow MoreRelatedLeadership Principles And Methods Of Leadership1437 Words   |  6 PagesI came into this class not knowing what to expect. I thought we would just learn about leadership principles and methods of leadership. 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Also, he explained that Holy Spirit, is a gift we do not deserve, but its a free gift from God to us â€Å"As it says in the Bible thatRead MoreMy Sister Essay808 Words   |  4 Pagesmy mother said sternly What could she want to talk about I thought. As me and my sister stared in anticipation what she was going to say when she said. â€Å"Data usage†. â€Å"What?† my sister and I said. â€Å"You and your sister went over the data usage plan†. Shoot My sister and I said under our breaths knowing we used more data then we should had. My mother asked both of us. â€Å"Who used the data?†. Neither me or my sister budged. Come on I thought in my mind as to why she used the data. My mother stillRead MoreSpiritual Gifts, What Is Their Purpose?1062 Words   |  5 PagesSpiritual Gifts, What is their Purpose? Are all spiritual gifts equal in the eyes of God and what are their purposes to exalt God or witness to unbelievers? 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Throughout my relationships, I would save money to buy the best and most expensive gift for my girlfriend. Once, I drove from Virginia to Massachusetts to buy a teddy bear fan, a one-of-a-kind teddy bear that ended up costing me five hundred dollars. I always tried to impress her with expensive gifts, but now I realized that is not the price that matters. What is important is the thought of thinking of that person. Gift is a visual symbol of love not priceRead MoreAnalysis Of Mark Twain s The Five Boons Of Life 1091 Words   |  5 PagesThe male character goes through the different gifts one by one and then the now old man wishes the final gift of death but cannot have it because the fairy gave it to a little child. When the old man asked the fairy what was left for him she replied saying, What not even you have deserved: the wanton insult of Old Age(Tw ain). In the story the man says â€Å"Curse all the worlds gift, for mockeries and gilded lies! and mis-called, every one. They are not gifts, but merely lendings. Pleasure, Love, FameRead MoreAn Exploration Of Clarissa s Gift Through Different Points Of View1181 Words   |  5 PagesCamilla Anderson Prof. Laura O’Connor English 102D: Modernist Women Writers November 25 2015 An Exploration of Clarissa’s gift through different points of view in Virginia Woolf’s â€Å"Mrs. Dalloway† Multiple points of view are represented and shifted through various characters in Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway through indirect discourse, which helps to describe the innermost thoughts of Woolf’s central characters using singular pronouns in the third-person. It is these multiple points of view that establishRead MoreLife Goes Unnoticed Is Love From Parents880 Words   |  4 Pagesany reciprocation. When I was born, they were very delighted, and they thought I was the best gift from God. They thought I was the continuation of their life. My birth gave them hope. However, I regard their love as a nature and they ought to love me. When I was young, I complained why my father didn’t come back home every day and why he didn’t play with me on weekends even though he had a very crucial meeting. I thought my mother was nagging. She always told me I should do this and shouldn’tRead MoreAnalysis of Vandana Shivas Essay The Gift of Food1084 Words   |  4 PagesVandana Shivas essay The Gift of Food is an attempt to recontextualize agriculture, and by extension the problem of world hunger, within a new economic paradigm. That paradigm is, to a certain degree, announced in the title of her essay an economy that is based on the concept of gift exchange is, of course, very different from one that treats food as a commodity. Of course, the dominant paradigm in the west is precisely to regard food as a commodity, which is how we arrive at the situation described

Computerized Extension Of Existing Demand -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Computerized Extension Of Existing Demand? Answer: Introducation According to the provided situation it is seen that Berowra Accountants are ensuring a guaranteed tax refund to their respective clients through using various advertising techniques. In this regard, it can be said that knowing the basic ideas regarding tax refund is important. To explain matters of tax refund, it can be said that tax refund is the difference between the paid tax and the tax that is owed (Galit and Metaban 2012). To identify whether a business corporation is eligible to receive tax refund, it would totally be dependent on the factors like income, profit and the expenses related to the tax of the business organization. It would be impossible for the management of the organization to make sure a refund of tax. Not only is that, the chief responsibility of the auditors to examine the financial accounting of the business and locate the material misstatement and to check for the compliances. Therefore it can be said that for the cases of tax refund, it would surely be a no n-audit service. Because of this according to APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, Section 130, the act of the accountants of Berowra has breached the principle of Professional Competence and Due Care (Han Fan, Woodbine and Cheng 2013). As per this act, the auditors can retain their clients by knowing the limitations of their professions and in this particular case study the accountants of Berowra failed to do so. According to the provided case study, Jamie Harvey, the auditor of a charter accounting organization is been asked to take up the responsibility of the treasurer in a nearby club and Harvey only performs audit of bigger public organizations. In this regard, it must be mentioned that in most cases the athletic clubs are considered as non-profit organizations. According to the APES 110 Professional Appointment, Section 210, when the auditors accept the appointments of a new client, the auditors should examine whether the appointment will influence the compliance of the fundamental principles of auditing. In this particular case study, when the proposal of getting the post of a treasurer gets accepted by the auditor, there was no breach of principles because of some valid reasons (Ottaway 2014). These reasons are that as Harvey holds the post of an auditor in public concern and there are no similarity between the operation styles of the athletic club and the business organization where Harvey is employed. Another major reason is that no fundamental ethical principle will get influenced because in case of the appointment in the organizations that is non-profitable (Kuan 2014). According to the provided case study, a situation is mentioned where the sum payable to the auditor is dependent on the opinion of the outcome of the audit which is appropriate to the audit client Monlec Ltd. It thus discloses that the management of Monlec Ltd is requesting for a audit report that would be favorable for their organization. In this context, it would be necessary to mention that the auditors represent the stakeholders and the investors; and not the business organizations. According to APES 110 Principle of Objectivity, Section 120, the auditors must not show their business and professional judgment for any types of influence, biasness and any types of conflict of interest (Athanasiou 2014). It shows that the judgment made by the auditors should not be influenced by any sort of biasness. According to the case study, the report of the audit provided by the auditor is somewhat favorable for the Monlec Ltd and there is a act of committing a breach of principles of auditing . There should not be any types of infringement of the ethical principles regarding auditing when the auditors provide an opinion that is not biased (Trung 2015). According to the case study, it is seen that Winton Accountants has showen all the reports and papers of Motoring Services to the Chadwick Chartered Accountants. Chadwick Chartered Accountants have the task of reviewing the quality of the audit performed by Winton Accountants. This shows that Chadwick Chartered Accountants have to perform various tests and processes to check the quality of auditing by the Winston Accountants. According to APES 110 Principles of Confidentiality, Section 140, the auditors have the obligations to maintain the confidentiality if the attained information related to the auditing clients. It explains that the auditors should not reveal the gathered information of the audit clients to any third party. According to the case study, the Winton accountants have revealed all the information and vital data related to the Motoring services to Chadwick Chartered Accountants by giving them all the documents of audits (Carey, Monroe and Shailer 2014). Hence, it can be said that Winton Accountants have broken the principles of the trade regarding the auditing with their stipulated actions. According to the provided situation, it is seen that Thornleigh Accountants have replaced Leona Ng with Jane Davis to finish the audit work of Jenkins Ltd due to illness of Leona. The provided situation is that the Thornleigh Accountants management wants to take in Jane Davis in the Audit team to perform the audit works of Jenkins Ltd from the mid weeks of July. This situation increases the fear of interdependence of audit for Thornleigh Accountants. According to APES 110, Self-review Threat, Section 100.12, no member of an audit team can have the right to use the results of an audit work performed by any other member of the same team of audit. Not only that, the act also describes that results of a previous work of audit done by a member of the audit team; cannot be used by any other member of the same audit team. The same rule is applicable to the Thornleigh Accountants as the business organization is planning to utilize the judgment of the performed audit by Jane Davis who has the knowledge of the accounts of the organization (DeFond and Zhang 2014). As per the provided case study it is seen that John Darrow is responsible for performing the audit works of Winmale Ltd. Winmale Ltd has given all the necessary documents and computer files related to the companys net valuation at that time. In this process the person who performs the audit work has to have all the necessary documents regarding the companys assets to accurately perform the task. In this situation, the auditor should not use the documents provided by the client and in this case the client company has provided all the documents. In this situation the auditor might feel pressurized by this act of the management of the Winmale Ltd as they might have provided the documents to get a judgment in their favor. Thus, in this context it can be said that according to APES 110, Section 200.8, this condition might generate Intimidation Threat of the auditors independence (Ojo 2013). According to the provided case study, it is seen that the Chocolate company has requested the auditors to visit the second chocolate show and also requested them to visit the social club of the firm. It requiredto be stated that the auditors must not comprise any sort of entertaining activities with the audit clients. As per APES 110, Self-interest Threat, Section 100.12, there might be a threat to independence of the auditor in case any kind of financial or non-financial concern of the auditors influence the audit opinion (Deumes et al. 2012). According to the case, it can be perceived that the chocolate company might be intending to influence the auditors by tempting them to the entertaining activities with a motive to get favorable audit opinion. Thus, in case, if the auditors accept the invitation of the business organization to attend the social club, they would produce the self-interest threat to the auditors independence. The key concern of the auditors is to scrutinize the financial statements of the business organizations in order to confirm that all the financial statements of the firms are free from any type of material misstatements and they have been arranged by obeying all obligatory regulations. Apart from that, the auditors do not have the accountability to comment on the client organizations financial position if there is no kind of fraudulent activities. In case of Connor Company, it is seen that the organization is severely reliant on the bank overdraft in order to pay off their loans, as they does not have any other option left in this regard. Not only that, the bank requests reimbursement within one months time. It displays that the weak economic condition of Connor Company. Nonetheless, this facet has not formed any consequence on the materiality. The auditor has not come across any type of material misstatement in any financial statements of Connor Company. It suggests that the Connor Company has not influenced their financial statements in order to hide their weak debt-paying circumstance. Therefore, the auditor shall issue Unqualified Audit Opinion for Connor Company (Tsipouridou and Spathis 2014). It should be the responsibility of the firms to arrange and present their financial statements regarding the standards of generally accepted accounting principles. Apart from that the, companies needs to fulfill the accounting protocols of the nation in which they are working. In the situation provided, it is seen that the concern should follow FIFO technique for counting the valuation of inventory, but they are actually following LIFO method like their parent company in America uses it. Due to this reason, the discrepancys effect between the implementation of FIFO and LIFO has affected the assessment of the valuation of the inventory that backs up the material misstatement. Therefore, in this particular area of concern, the auditor has the right to issue adverse opinion, because there are mutually compliance issues and material misstatements present. Nevertheless, except the inventory, there is no sign of any other material misstatement in any of the statements of the business organ ization and there are no compliance issues. Due to reason, the auditor can issue Qualified Audit Opinion. Qualified audit opinion is quite similar to Unqualified Audit Opinion; On the other hand, in Qualified Audit Opinion, the auditor has to increase another paragraph highlights the motive for which the statement is not unqualified (Rahimian, Tavakolnia and Karamlou 2014). It is needed for the business organizations to measure the valuation of their net assets counting on things like land, plant, machineries, buildings and others regularly because of the changes in market price. In the case of Victorian Manufacturing Company, it is perceived that they did not measure the valuation of their factory located in Melbourne for last five years as the directors consider that there are no significant changes in the market value of that factory. Hence, the directors are taking a huge risk that might not possibly be right and can produce a major material misstatement. At the time of piloting the operations of audit, the auditors will require the current value of land and buildings and in the absence of this, the auditors would not be able to deliver accurate audit opinion as it confines their process of scrutiny. Due to this, the auditor will have to issue Disclaimer of Opinion, as they will fail to perform an accurate audit report (Kachelmeier, Schmidt and Vale ntine 2016). References Athanasiou, A., 2014. Avoiding client persuasion.Taxation in Australia,48(10), p.601. Athanasiou, A., 2014. Boy, you're gonna carry that weight a long time!.Taxation in Australia,49(2), p.106. Carey, P.J., Monroe, G.S. and Shailer, G., 2014. Review of Post?CLERP 9 Australian Auditor Independence Research.Australian Accounting Review,24(4), pp.370-380. DeFond, M. and Zhang, J., 2014. A review of archival auditing research.Journal of Accounting and Economics,58(2), pp.275-326. Deumes, R., Schelleman, C., Vander Bauwhede, H. and Vanstraelen, A., 2012. Audit firm governance: Do transparency reports reveal audit quality?.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,31(4), pp.193-214. Galit, S.H. and Sorbe, T., Metabank, 2012.Computerized extension of credit to existing demand deposit accounts, prepaid cards and lines of credit based on expected tax refund proceeds, associated systems and computer program products. U.S. Patent 8,090,649. Han Fan, Y., Woodbine, G. and Cheng, W., 2013. A study of Australian and Chinese accountants attitudes towards independence issues and the impact on ethical judgements.Asian Review of Accounting,21(3), pp.205-222. Kachelmeier, S.J., Schmidt, J.J. and Valentine, K., 2016. The disclaimer effect of disclosing critical audit matters in the auditors report. Kuan, K.T.C., 2014.Auditor independence: an analysis of the adequacy of selected provisions in CLERP 9(Doctoral dissertation, Queensland University of Technology). Ojo, M., 2013. Audits, audit quality and signalling mechanisms: concentrated ownership structures. Ottaway, J., 2014. IMPROVING AUDITOR INDEPENDENCE IN AUSTRALIA: IS MANDATORY AUDIT FIRM ROTATIONTHE BEST OPTION?. RAHIMIAN, N., TAVAKOLNIA, E. and KARAMLOU, M., 2014. Qualified Audit Opinion and Debt Maturity Structure. Trung, N.K., 2015. Ethics Education In The University.International Journal of Scientific Technology Research,4(8), pp.5-10. Tsipouridou, M. and Spathis, C., 2014, March. Audit opinion and earnings management: Evidence from Greece. InAccounting Forum(Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 38-54). Elsevier

The Chosen Essays (3379 words) - The Chosen, The Promise

The Chosen Reading Journal Chapter One 1. "Remember why and for whom we play." (p. 16) This passage shows the rabbi of Reuven's rival team telling his players to focus and concentrate on the importance of the baseball game they are about to play. They are playing for the glory of their God and not to just have fun. To these young teenage boys their religion has importance in all aspects of their life even their after school recreational activities. 2. The first pitch was low, and Danny Saunders ignored it. The second one started to come in shoulder-high, and before it was two thirds of the way to the plate, I was standing on second base. (p. 30) This seemingly irrelevant scene in the book is actually very important because it shows how Reuven controls his own destiny. Anticipating what is going to happen based on previous experience is crucial, not just in baseball but also in life. Reuven was the only one on his team that reacted like this and it shows his leadership abilities in key situations. Chapter Two 3. "Enjoy your meal," she said smiling. "Thank you very much," I said. I had been concerned about eating. (p. 44) As soon as Reuven regained consciousness in the hospital his main concern was remaining kosher according to his religion. His natural instinct of hunger was put after the desire to obey his Jewish beliefs. This shows what a key factor Reuven's religion is to him in all aspects of life. 4. "It's not all right," I said "I want you to tell me." "There is nothing to tell you. They told me it was all right." "Abba, please tell me what's the matter." (p. 48) This passage explains the close connection between Reuven and his father. The boy can tell when his father is not being completely honest with him and Reuven longs to know what is going to happen to his eye. In his time of pain and concern Reuven knows that he can confide in his "Abba" for help and comforting. Chapter Three 5. Also, yesterday I had hated him; now we were calling each other by our first names. (p. 68) Reuven explains in this passage the change in emotions he felt towards Danny. The previous day Reuven deeply hated Danny but now they began to spend time together and grow as friends. It is also ironic that these two boys would probably never get to know each other if it was not for Reuven's injury. 6. "What would have happened if you had lost?" "I don't like to think about that. You don't know my father." "So you practically had to beat us." (p. 71) Here Danny tells Reuven that to the Hasidic softball team it was more than a game; it was an expression of Hasidic dominance. Danny's father, the Hasidic rabbi in the area formed the team for the sole purpose of glorifying his religion and failure was not an option for Danny and his team. Chapter Four 7. "I read a lot," he said. "I read about seven or eight books a week outside of my school work." (p. 79) Danny is telling Reuven about himself and his studying habits. Danny is an extremely intelligent person who reads on his own for the sole purpose of possessing that extra knowledge. This impresses Reuven who is also on a quest for knowledge and he only reads three or four books a week. 8. I suddenly realized it was my father who all along had been suggesting books for Danny to read. My father was the man Danny had been meeting in the library. Reuven is surprised to find out that his "enemy" was actually a friend of his father for almost two months before the two boys met on the baseball field. In this complicated friendship the two boys are just getting to know each other while the father has been guiding each of them individually for quite some time. Only through a baseball injury are these people all brought together. Chapter Five 9. I had lived init all my life, but I never really saw it until I went through it that Friday afternoon. (p.94) Reuven now values the things he once took for granted; even an insignificant plant outside his house is exciting to him. It is not until something is taken away from Reuven that he notices the importance of it. 10. I felt I had crossed into another world, that pieces of my old self had been left behind on the black asphalt